PROFIL DEMOGRAFI PASIEN GANGGUAN GERAK DI POLI SARAF RS BHAYANGKARA Tk.1 PUSDOKKES POLRI JAKARTA TAHUN 2023 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS PATIENTS AT NEUROLOGICAL CLINIC OF BHAYANGKARA Tk.1 PUSDOKKES POLRI HOSPITAL JAKARTA IN 2023

• Chelsea Kristiniawati Putri

  Author

• Nadira Yusrini

  Author

Latar Belakang. Penyakit gangguan gerak merupakan salah satu gangguan neurologis yang sering dijumpai pada praktek sehari-hari. Merupakan suatu diagnosis besar penyakit yang terdiri dari bermacam tipe gangguan gerak. Secara epidemiologi, tidak banyak literatur yang melaporkan secara keseluruhan prevalensi manifestasi penyakit gangguan gerak. Bahkan Fahn S, dalam buku nya hanya melaporkan prevalensi gangguan gerak dari 2 klinik gangguan gerak utama di Amerika. Di Indonesia, belum terdapat laporan terkait prevalensi gangguan gerak yang dilaporkan secara multisenter. Oleh karena itu, dirasakan perlu untuk meneliti profil gangguan gerak sebagai penelitian dasar yang diharapkan dapat dilanjutkan menjadi penelitian lain.

Metodologi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di poliklinik saraf Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Pusdokkes Polri di Jakarta Timur pada 37 subjek dengan teknik consecutive sampling, yaitu semua subjek datang berurutan dan memenuhi kriteria pemilihan inklusi dan eksklusi yang dimasukkan dalam penelitian pada tahun 2023. Penelitian ini menilai demografi pasien gangguan gerak dengan karakter klinis (pemeriksaan kognitif MoCA-Ina, gangguan depresi gangguan tidur, jenis kelamin usia, pekerjaan pendidikan, komorbid, riwayat kebiasaan, onset gangguan gerak).

Hasil Penelitian. Penelitian terhadap 37 orang pasien yang berkunjung ke poliklinik saraf RS Bhayangkara TK.I Pusdokkes Polri yang telah memenuhi kriteria. Sebanyak 37 pasien gangguan gerak didapatkan hasil penelitian menggunakan metode Chi-Square, yaitu adanya hubungan signifikan antara onset pasien gangguan gerak dengan gangguan kognitif (p = 0,039), pada pasien komorbid dengan gangguan gerak (p = 0,001), dan pasien gangguan kognitif dengan gangguan gerak (0,021). Hasil ini didapatkan sesuai interpretasi p value, dimana jika Nilai Asymp. Sig < 0.05, maka disimpulkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan diantara variabel tersebut.

Kesimpulan. Proporsi gangguan gerak pada pasien di poliklinik saraf RS Bhayangkara Tk.I Pusdokkes Polri tahun 2023 yaitu mendominasi tipe gangguan parkinson 67,56% dan sebanyak 54,05% dengan karakteristik mayoritas perempuan, berusia > 60 tahun, tidak bekerja, berpendidikan sarjana, memiliki onset < 5 tahun, terdapat komorbid, tidak memiliki gangguan tidur, tidak memiliki gangguan depresi, dan memiliki gangguan kognitif ringan menggunakan pemeriksaan MoCA-Ina.

Kata Kunci: Gangguan gerak, MoCA-Ina, tipe gangguan Parkinson

Background:Movement disorders are among the neurological conditions frequently encountered in daily clinical practice. These disorders represent a broad diagnostic category encompassing various types of movement impairments. Epidemiologically, there is a limited amount of literature reporting the overall prevalence of manifestations of movement disorders. Even Fahn S., in his book, only reported the prevalence of movement disorders based on data from two primary movement disorder clinics in the United States. In Indonesia, no multisite prevalence reports on movement disorders have been published. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to conduct research on the profile of movement disorders as a foundational study, with the hope that it can be expanded into future research.

Methodology: This study was conducted at the neurology outpatient clinic of Bhayangkara Pusdokkes Polri Hospital in East Jakarta, involving 37 subjects using a consecutive sampling technique. All subjects who presented consecutively and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study during 2023. The study assessed the demographic profiles of movement disorder patients alongside clinical characteristics, including cognitive function (evaluated using the MoCA-INA test), depression, sleep disorders, gender, age, occupation, education, comorbidities, habitual history, and the onset of movement disorders.

Results: The study involved 37 patients who visited the neurology outpatient clinic at Bhayangkara TK.I Pusdokkes Polri Hospital and met the inclusion criteria. The findings, analyzed using the Chi Square method, revealed significant relationships between the onset of movement disorders and cognitive impairment (p = 0.039), comorbidities and movement disorders (p = 0.001), and cognitive impairment and movement disorders (p = 0.021). These results were interpreted based on the p-value, where an Asymp. Sig value < 0.05 indicated a statistically significant relationship between the examined variables.

Conclusion: The proportion of movement disorders among patients at the neurology outpatient clinic of Bhayangkara Tk.I Pusdokkes Polri Hospital during 2023, was predominantly of the Parkinsonian type (67.56%). Furthermore, 54.05% of the patients presented with the following characteristics: majority were female, aged over 60 years, unemployed, held a university degree, had an onset of less than five years, experienced comorbid conditions, did not suffer from sleep or depressive disorders, and exhibited mild cognitive impairment as assessed using the MoCA-Ina test.

Keywords: Movement disorder, MoCA-Ina, Parkinsonian type